Aniseed essential oil is obtained from the seed of Pimpinella anisum L., from the Apiaceae family, through steam distillation.
It is an annual plant currently harvested in Spain in the areas of Marchena (Seville), Montilla (Córdoba), and Loja (Granada), where more than 300 tons per year of seed are produced. The planting takes place around February-March, and the harvesting occurs in August-September, depending on the annual rainfall. The distillation of Pimpinella anisum L. takes place in August.
Benefits
Anethole and anise oil have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and stimulating properties. For this reason, this oil is often used in medicine, such as in cough syrups and tablets. The essential oil of anise also has significant antioxidant activity.
The antibacterial properties of the oil are very useful against bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium ovis. Anethole, the predominant constituent of anise, has antimicrobial and antifungal properties, which are useful against Candida albicans and fungal strains like Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Penicillium.
It is also effective against conditions associated with spasms, such as cramps, diarrhea, seizures, and muscle pain, due to its relaxing and antispasmodic effects. The essential oil can also relieve indigestion, flatulence, and sharp chest pain, and it aids in the elimination of excess gas in the digestive system.
People suffering from colds, coughs, and the flu may experience relief after using anise essential oil due to its decongestant effects. The oil loosens mucus in the airways and alleviates respiratory problems.
The therapeutic properties of aniseed oil are as follows:
Antiseptic
Antispasmodic
Carminative
Expectorant
Stomachic
Organoleptic Properties
Aniseed oil is a transparent liquid with a crystalline mass, colorless to pale yellow in liquid state, sometimes slightly green, with a characteristic olor reminiscent of anethole.
Olor
Characteristic of anethole
Colour
Colorless to pale yellow
Appearance
Transparent liquid
Components
The composition of aniseed oil varies depending on where it is produced. However, in general, the oil is composed between 80-90% of Anethole, which is responsible for its smell, as well as some of its properties and benefits. The structure of anethole is similar to the catecholamines adrenaline.
Other chemical components found in aniseed oil are estragole (10-15 percent), eugenol, butyric, stearic, and anisic alcohol.
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